presumption: n.1.推测，猜测，臆断，假定；设想，想像。2.专横，自以为是；不客气，跋扈，冒昧，放肆，无礼；傲慢，自大。3.【法律】事实的推断〔根据已知事实作出的推断〕 (＝presumption of fact)。短语和例子The presumption is that he will refuse. 看起来他会拒绝的。 I have never heard of such pres
The conception for the institution of a civil liability system against the manipulation of the securities market is : acts of manipulating the securities market belongs in the category of infringement of rights ; the principle for the liability system is the presumption of fault ; the third party suffering losses as a result of the manipulation can raise claims of compensation ; the cause - effect relationship between manipulation of the market and losses are to be established through two links ; and there must be a reasonable method for calculating the compensation for losses 摘要我国证券市场操纵行为民事责任制度建构设想是：市场操纵行为民事责任属于侵权责任；其归责原则是过错责任原则，实行过错推定；在人为操纵市场时，因买入或卖出该种有价证券而受损的善意第三人可提起赔偿之诉；市场操纵与损害之间的因果关系是通过两个关系链建立的；损失赔偿额须有合理计算方法。
